What is a connector and its types?

What Is a Connector?

A connector is an electromechanical device used to join electrical circuits together. It allows easy assembly and disassembly of circuits, making it crucial for everything from simple household electronics to complex industrial systems. Connectors ensure reliable signal transmission, mechanical stability, and sometimes even environmental protection.

Connectors can be designed for:

Electrical power

Signal/data transfer

Optical (fiber optic) transmission

Fluid or gas transfer (in mechanical systems)

Main Types of Electrical Connectors

Electrical connectors can be classified based on several factors: shape, function, connection method, and application. Here are the most common types:

1. Board-to-Board Connectors

Connect two printed circuit boards (PCBs) without cables.

Used in computers, telecom, and embedded systems.

Example: Mezzanine connectors, card edge connectors.

2. Wire-to-Board Connectors

Connect wires (or cables) to a PCB.

Used in power supplies, consumer electronics, and appliances.

Example: Terminal blocks, Molex connectors.

3. Wire-to-Wire Connectors

Connect two or more wires together.

Often used in automotive, aerospace, and industrial equipment.

Example: Butt connectors, spade connectors.

4. Circular Connectors

Round connectors offering multi-pin connections.

Excellent for rugged, waterproof, and high-vibration environments.

Common in military, medical, and industrial applications.

Example: M12 connectors, aviation plugs.

5. Rectangular Connectors

Box-shaped connectors with standardized pin layouts.

Common in computing and telecommunications.

Example: D-sub connectors, USB, HDMI.

6. Coaxial Connectors

Designed for radio frequency (RF) signals.

Used in TVs, antennas, and communication systems.

Example: BNC, SMA, F-type connectors.

7. Fiber Optic Connectors

Transmit data using light, not electricity.

Used in high-speed internet and telecom.

Example: SC, LC, ST, MTP/MPO connectors.

8. Power Connectors

Specifically for transferring electrical power.

Handle high current and voltage.

Example: IEC connectors, Anderson power poles.

9. Automotive Connectors

Designed for vehicles with high vibration and temperature resistance.

Waterproof, durable, and locking.

Example: OBD connectors, Deutsch connectors.

Types by Connection Method

A connector plays a critical role in building flexible, modular, and maintainable systems. Choosing the right type of connector ensures signal integrity, power efficiency, and reliability across various applications—from home electronics and automotive systems to telecommunications and industrial automation.